Our findings have implications for FDA's regulation of MRTPs and provides insights regarding how the marketing of authorized MRTPs could impact population health in the future.
Online search trend data may provide reasonably reliable and more frequent estimates of adolescent e-cigarette use prevalence at substantially lower costs than traditional surveys. Such additional data may help to assess immediate impacts of policies and events.
Despite the recent push for Tobacco 21 legislation in the US and the national adoption of Tobacco 21, there is a paucity of data on the process of policy adoption.
A better understanding of motivation to quit and its association with various warnings and smoking location could guide countries on which warnings to require in legislation and where best to require them particularly in relation to location.
E-cigarettes were one measure introduced to help people in custody (PiC) to prepare for and cope with implementation of comprehensive smokefree policies in Scottish prisons. Our earlier study explored experiences of vaping when e-cigarettes were first introduced and most participants were dual tobacco and e-cigarette users. Here we present findings of a subsequent study of vaping among a different sample of PiC when use of tobacco was prohibited in prison, and smokefree policy had become the norm.
The evidence presented here indicates that the impacts of certain restrictions on e-cigarette attributes, such as a flavor ban or maximum level of nicotine content, might have heterogeneous impacts on adults.
Changes in decidual macrophage polarization affect local inflammatory microenvironment and lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in preeclampsia (PE) remains unclear. In this study, we found that α7nAChR expression was significantly down-regulated in decidual macrophages in PE patients compared to normal pregnant women, accompanied by a reduced proportion of M2 phenotype and an increased proportion of M1 phenotype; these results suggested that the reduced α7nAChR activity might contribute to changes in the polarization of decidual macrophages. Then, we further investigated the regulatory role of α7nAChR activation by nicotine on decidual macrophage polarization and placental remodeling in the PE-like mouse model.
Students' e-cigarette ever-use varies greatly between EU countries. E-cigarettes seem not to be a substitute for conventional cigarettes but more a complementary product. Tobacco control policies might also prevent e-cigarette use but specific regulations on e-cigarettes are needed to prevent nicotine addiction originating from them.
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