Background: The concurrent use of cigarettes with other tobacco products, such as smokeless tobacco (SLT), is increasingly common.
Findings reveal exposure to smokeless tobacco marketing via digital media was common. Further, there appears to be a strong relationship between this exposure and subsequent smokeless tobacco use among young adult never smokeless tobacco users.
The prevalence of SLT use among Nigerian adults was low with clearly identified predictors. While a majority were aware of harm from SLT use, an unacceptably high proportion remain unaware. We recommended targeted interventions to increase awareness of the harmful effects of SLT use especially among residents of the South-East, those in rural areas, males, and individuals with no formal education. We also recommended a follow-up survey.
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