The CHRN?5 gene, which encodes the Alpha5-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Alpha5-nAChR), is related to lung cancer and nicotine addiction. Smoking is closely related to the immunosuppressive effect of macrophages. CD47, a phagocytosis checkpoint in macrophages, is a therapeutic target in various cancer types.
E-cigarettes, also known as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), are mainly used among adolescents and young adults. Similar to traditional cigarettes, different concentrations of nicotine are also added to E-cigarette's liquid (E-liquid), but due to the supplementation of chemicals such as propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG) and flavors, it is difficult to determine the risk after using E-cigarettes.
Objective: We examined associations between exposure to pro-tobacco media (news opposing smoke-free policies; cigarette, e-cigarette, heated tobacco product [HTP] advertisements) and anti-tobacco media (media, community-based action) and (1) knowledge that the policies applied to alternative tobacco products (ATPs), and (2) support for the policies applying to ATPs and various settings.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has been a vocal critic of e-cigarettes and other non-combustible tobacco delivery systems (NCTDs). The organisation has argued that these products are harmful and should be regulated as tightly as cigarettes.
South Africa's newly proposed Tobacco Products and Electronic Delivery Systems Control Bill is now open for public comment. It was tabled before Parliament in December 2022 and has undergone extensive review and consultations, outlining new regulations and prohibitions for tobacco smoking and electronic cigarettes.
The landscape of tobacco consumption and harm reduction has been evolving rapidly in recent years, and South Africa is no exception to this trend. As of 2023, the concept of tobacco harm reduction has gained significant traction, with alternative nicotine delivery systems, like vaping, at the forefront of discussions.
As MPs continuously disregard public participation, they not only undermine their own credibility, but also risk clogging an overwhelmed judicial system
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