Whether financial incentives, pharmacologic therapies, and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) promote smoking cessation among unselected smokers is unknown. We randomly assigned smokers employed by 54 companies to one of four smoking-cessation interventions or to usual care. Usual care consisted of access to information regarding the benefits of smoking cessation and to a motivational text-messaging service.
Nicotine replacement medications are moderately effective in increasing quit rates. However, some smokers reject such aids, suggesting the value of considering alternative options. Snus, a smokeless tobacco product with low nitrosamine content, could offer an alternative. This study compared smoking cessation rates for snus, with and without information about reduced risk relative to smoking, with a nicotine lozenge (without relative risk information).
Many smokers report using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to help them quit smoking, but whether e-cigarettes aid cessation efforts is uncertain. To determine whether e-cigarette use after hospital discharge by cigarette smokers who plan to quit and are advised to use evidence-based treatment is associated with subsequent tobacco abstinence.
It is not known whether large financial incentives enhance long-term smoking cessation rates outside clinical or workplace settings. The goal of this study was to test whether large financial incentives improved long-term smoking cessation rates in low-income smokers, in a general population setting, without face-to-face or telephone counseling.
Current guidelines advise providers to assess smokers' readiness to quit, then offer cessation therapies to smokers planning to quit and motivational interventions to smokers not planning to quit. We examined the relationship between baseline stage of change (SOC), treatment utilization, and smoking cessation to determine whether the effect of a proactive smoking cessation intervention was dependent on smokers' level of motivation to quit.
Financial incentives promote many health behaviors, but effective ways to deliver health incentives remain uncertain. We randomly assigned CVS Caremark employees and their relatives and friends to one of four incentive programs or to usual care for smoking cessation. Two of the incentive programs targeted individuals, and two targeted groups of six participants.
Quit & Win contests (in which smokers pledge to quit smoking for a defined period in exchange for the chance to win a prize) may be well-suited for college smokers. We tested the effectiveness of multiple versus single Quit & Win contests and that of added counseling versus no counseling in smoking cessation.
Smoking is extremely common among adults experiencing homelessness, but there is lack of evidence for treatment efficacy. E-cigarettes are an effective quitting aid, but they have not been widely tested in smokers with complex health and social needs. Here we build upon our cluster feasibility trial and evaluate the offer of an e-cigarette or usual care to smokers accessing a homeless centre.
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