The knowledge hub is one-window access to all the data, research, and information on the tobacco use and efforts to control it in Pakistan and EMR. It provides a complete picture of the emerging alternative products in Pakistan and EMR. Evidence-based interventions can lead to legal, policy and administrative initiatives to end smoking. This hub collates the relevant knowledge from around the world to contribute to the aim of making our future smoke free.
Cigarette smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions, and heart failure. However, after more than a decade of ENDS presence in the U.S. marketplace, uncertainty persists regarding the long-term health consequences of ENDS use for CVD.
Introduction: After undergoing breast reconstructive surgery, patients are typically prescribed opioids. Smoking tobacco increases rate of opioid metabolism and is associated with development of opioid use disorder (OUD). The aim of this study was to determine whether patients who smoke have an increased risk of OUD after breast reconstructive surgery. Given that OUD is a known risk factor for injection drug use and intravenous drug use increases risk of acquiring blood-borne diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis, the secondary aim was to determine if these patients are also at increased risk of acquiring these communicable diseases associated with OUD.
Objectives: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) can reduce tobacco-related health risks for adults who smoke cigarettes (AWS) by facilitating complete switching away from cigarettes. However, little is known about ENDS use and switching among subpopulations that have been disproportionately affected by smoking.
Objective: While e-cigarette use is associated with adverse cardiopulmonary health effects, the mortality risks associated with e-cigarette use alone and combined with smoking remain unexamined.
| Population (Millions) | 4.9 |
| Male(% of Total Pop) | 50.7 |
| Female(% of Total Pop) | 49.3 |
| Pop Growth (Annual %) | 2.6 |
| Year | 2018 |
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| Population (Millions) | 1.6 |
| Male(% of Total Pop) | 63.7 |
| Female(% of Total Pop) | 36.3 |
| Pop Growth (Annual %) | 4.9 |
| Year | 2018 |
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| Population (Millions) | 6.7 |
| Male(% of Total Pop) | 50.5 |
| Female(% of Total Pop) | 49.5 |
| Pop Growth (Annual %) | 1.5 |
| Year | 2018 |
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